Document 0151
 DOCN  M9490151
 TI    HIV seroconversion in intravenous drug users in San Francisco, 1985-1990
       [see comments]
 DT    9411
 AU    Moss AR; Vranizan K; Gorter R; Bacchetti P; Watters J; Osmond D;
       Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of; California,
       San Francisco.
 SO    AIDS. 1994 Feb;8(2):223-31. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/94318206
 CM    Comment in: AIDS 1994 Feb;8(2):263-5
 AB    OBJECTIVE: To examine the HIV seroconversion rate, risk factors for
       seroconversion, and changes in risk behavior over time in intravenous
       drug users (IVDU) in San Francisco, 1985-1990. DESIGN: Observational
       study. SETTING: All methadone maintenance and 21-day methadone
       detoxification programs in San Francisco. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 2351
       heterosexual IVDU, of whom 681 were seronegative at first visit and seen
       at least twice ('repeaters'). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: HIV seroconversion
       rates, risk factors for seroconversion, and changes in behavior.
       RESULTS: The HIV seroconversion rate in repeaters was 1.9% per
       person-year (ppy) of follow-up [2.1% in women versus 1.7% in men (not
       significant); 4% in African Americans versus 1% in whites (P = 0.006);
       3.9% ppy in the first third of the study, 1.2% in the second (P =
       0.007), and 1.9% in the last (not significant)]. Risk factors for
       seroconversion were five or more sexual partners per year [hazard ratio
       (HR) = 2.6; P = 0.02], use of shooting gallery ever (HR = 2.9; P =
       0.02), and less than 1 year (lifetime) in methadone maintenance (HR =
       2.7; P = 0.02). Self-reported intravenous cocaine use fell from 33 to
       15% over 5 years, shooting gallery use fell from 19 to 6%, and the
       proportion with five or more sexual partners fell from 25 to 10%. Bleach
       use rose to 75% of needle-sharers. CONCLUSIONS: The 1985-1990 HIV
       seroconversion rate in IVDU (1.9% ppy) was comparable to that in San
       Francisco cohorts of homosexual men (1.4% ppy). A decline in HIV
       seroconversion coincided with changes in risk behavior. Stable
       attendance of methadone maintenance was highly protective: the
       seroconversion rate in subjects with 1 year or more in methadone was 12%
       ppy.
 DE    Adult  Amphetamines  Bias (Epidemiology)  Cocaine/ADMINISTRATION &
       DOSAGE  Cohort Studies  Comorbidity  Disinfection  Equipment
       Contamination  Ethnic Groups  Female  Heroin
       Dependence/EPIDEMIOLOGY/REHABILITATION  Human  HIV Infections/PREVENTION
       & CONTROL/TRANSMISSION  HIV Seropositivity/*EPIDEMIOLOGY  HIV
       Seroprevalence/TRENDS  Injections, Intravenous/ADVERSE EFFECTS  Male
       Needle Sharing  Risk Factors  San Francisco/EPIDEMIOLOGY  Sex
       Behavior/STATISTICS & NUMER DATA  Sexual Partners  Sodium Hypochlorite
       Substance Abuse Treatment Centers  Substance Abuse,
       Intravenous/*EPIDEMIOLOGY  Substance Dependence/EPIDEMIOLOGY  Support,
       Non-U.S. Gov't  Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.  Urban Population  JOURNAL
       ARTICLE

       SOURCE: National Library of Medicine.  NOTICE: This material may be
       protected by Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.Code).